Much of the evidence in whiplash associated disorders does not meet methodological standards normally associated with reviews.
- The available evidence supports the concept of an early, active management approach
- The precise mechanism of injury for the majority of patients remains obscure
- Even with active management, a minority of patients will progress to chronicity and remain a clinical challenge
- Those with symptoms at three months are at high risk of having symptoms at two years
- Psychological and cultural factors appear to influence the progression of chronicity
- Serious physical injury is rare
- Reassurance about a generally favourable prognosis is important
- Early return to normal activity will aid recovery
- Rest, collars, negative attitudes and beliefs can retard recovery and contribute to chronicity
- Over-mediatization of WAD can be detrimental to recovery
- Exercise, manual therapy and positive attitudes and beliefs can be helpful in increasing activity levels
Ref. (Backletter: 2003:18:4)
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